Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development

The results of 2006 Research and Development Activities Survey which was conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute was published as a news bulletin on February 28, 2008. According to the results, share of Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (base year 1987) was 0.76 % in 2006. As it is known, revised GDP was announced on March 08, 2008. According to the revised GDP (base year 1998), share of GERD in GDP was 0.58 %  in 2006. Besides, net salaries are used only for calculation of R&D labour cost in higher education sector until 2007. If gross salaries were used to calculate R&D labour cost in higher education sector, this proportion was 0.6 %. Through this news bulletin, gross salaries for calculation of R&D labour cost in all sectors and revised GDP series (base year 1998) were used for computing R&D share in GDP.

According to the survey results in public sector, foundation universities and business enterprise sector and calculations based on higher education sector registers for state university, GERD in Turkey was 6,091.2 Million YTL in 2007. In Turkey, share of GERD in GDP (base year 1998) is 0.71 %.

GERD according to Purchasing Power Parity

In terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), GERD was 6,578 million USD in 2007.

GERD and Sources of Funds by Sectors 

In 2007, 48.2 % of Research and Development (R&D) expenditure was performed by higher education sector, 41.3 % by business enterprises comprising state economic enterprises and private sector, and 10.6 % by government.  

Analyzing the sectors financing R&D expenditure, in 2007, 48.4 % financed by business enterprises, 47.1 % by government, 4 % by other national sector and 0.5 % by foreign funds.

The Number of R&D Personnel

According to the survey results, total number of R&D personnel (full time equivalent) worked in 2007 was 63,377.
Regarding R&D personnel distribution within sectors, of total R&D personnel, 46.6 % was employed in higher education sector, 38.3 % in business enterprise sector, and 15.1 % in government sector in 2006.

Total number of R&D personnel (full time equivalent) per ten thousand labour force was 29.9 in 2007.
Detailed information is available at Turkish Statistical Institute website.